欧盟批准对俄罗斯第18轮制裁措施
- Boring Editor
- 7月18日
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已更新：7月20日
2025 年 7 月 18 日
欧盟刚刚批准了迄今为止对俄罗斯最严厉的制裁方案之一，第18轮制裁措施，严厉打击俄罗斯的能源、银行和军事部门以及与欧盟的贸易，将55 人列入名单，其中包括 14 名个人和 41 个实体。
能源领域：
俄罗斯石油价格上限由每桶60美元降至47.6美元，并引入动态审查机制确保有效性；
禁止第三国（挪威、英国、美国和加拿大等少数国家）进口由俄罗斯原油精炼的石油产品；
一项新的禁令已经出台，禁止与北溪管道相关的交易，包括提供货物或服务，实际上终止了其基础设施的任何未来使用；
俄罗斯“影子舰队”新增105艘舰船受制裁，受制裁舰船总数增至400多艘。同时，三艘日本舰船被从之前的制裁名单中移除。
金融领域：
现有的SWIFT相关制裁扩大为全面交易禁令，新增22家俄罗斯银行，名单几乎翻倍；
禁止与俄罗斯直接投资基金、其投资以及支持这些投资的金融机构进行交易。四家接受此类投资的俄罗斯公司也受到制裁；
对协助俄罗斯规避制裁的第三国金融机构实施制裁的标准已经降低，特别是与石油部门或俄罗斯国防工业基地有关的制裁。
贸易领域：
26家公司因帮助俄罗斯绕过制裁而受到制裁，其中包括俄罗斯境外的14家实体：中国7家、香港3家、土耳其4家；
已出台额外的出口禁令，以限制俄罗斯获取其国防部门使用的技术，包括用于生产伊斯坎德尔导弹的机床；
过境禁令已扩大至涵盖建筑、运输和能源中使用的新类别货物；
出口禁令清单已扩大到包括机械工程领域、化学工业的某些产品以及部分金属和塑料。
白俄领域：
除了与白俄罗斯军事综合体有关的八个新清单外，今天的一揽子计划还进一步反映了对白俄罗斯贸易实施的措施与 对俄罗斯实施的措施。
对专业金融信息服务的禁令升级为全面交易禁令，并对白俄罗斯的武器进口实施禁运。
其他：
欧盟还采取措施保护成员国免受俄罗斯公司和个人（包括寡头及其代理人）发起的非法双边投资条约 (BIT) 仲裁程序的影响（即成员国采取的损害赔偿条款、欧盟针对这些仲裁程序制定的不承认条款以及成员国在 BIT 程序中采取行动的义务）。
被制裁中企名单：
欧盟制裁中国实体：
1）Shandong ODES Industry Co. Ltd. 山东奥德斯工业股份有限公司
2）"Wuhan Global Sensor Technology Co. Ltd
a.k.a. GSTiR" 武汉高芯科技有限公司
3）Zhu Jiang Shipmanagement Co., Ltd
4）"ACE Electronic HK Co., Limited
a.k.a. ACE (HK) Electronics Technology Co., Ltd"
5）"Bellatrix Energy Limited
a.k.a. Bellatrix Energy
a.k.a. BX Energy Ltd"
涉俄出口管制名单：
1）"Kalinka Tianjin International Trade Co., Ltd.
A.k.a: Karinka (Tianjin) International Trade Co., Ltd." 卡林卡（天津）国际贸易有限公司
2）"Arcos Harbin Supply Chain Management Co. Ltd.
A.k.a: Alcos (Harbin) Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd; Al Kos (Harbin) Supply Chain Manage Co., Ltd." 阿尔科斯（哈尔滨）供应链管理有限公司
3）"MKPL Technology HK Co. Ltd.
A.k.a.: Mako Pineapple Technology (Hong Kong) Limited; Maco Pineapple Technology (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd" 碼可菠蘿科技(香港)有限公司
4）CHIP SPACE ELECTRONICS CO. LTD 芯時空電子有限公司
5）"Luchengtech Co Ltd
A.k.a.: Beijing Lucheng Weiye Technology Development Co., Ltd" 北京鲁成伟业科技发展有限公司
6）"Xinghua Co Ltd
A.k.a.: Beijing Xinghua Hengcheng Technology Co., Ltd; Beijing Xinghua Hengcheng Technology Development Co., Ltd Xinghuatech Co. Ltd; Xingtech Co., ltd; Xingtac
" 北京兴华恒成科技有限公司
7）CUVEE Importers Limited
第 5 条 ad 款提及的法人、实体和机构名单
A 部分 - 在欧盟以外设立的提供加密资产服务的信贷和金融机构及实体名单，这些机构和实体严重妨碍了本条例和第 269/2014 号条例（欧盟）的禁令目的
法人、实体或机构的名称
Heihe Rural Commercial Bank Co. Ltd.（黑河农村商业银行股份有限公司）
Heilongjiang Suifenhe Rural Commercial Bank Co. Ltd（黑龙江绥芬河农村商业银行股份有限公司）
生效日期：2025年8月9日
注：
（11）第 5ad 条由下列内容取代：
第 5 条
1.禁止直接或间接与在联盟以外设立的法人、实体或机构进行以下交易：
（1）是信贷或金融机构或提供加密资产服务的实体，其严重妨碍了本条例和第 269/2014 号条例（欧盟）的禁令目的，如本条例附件 XLV A 部分所列；
（2）是支持俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略战争的信贷或金融机构或提供加密资产服务的实体，包括通过处理交易或为阻碍本条例目的的贸易业务提供出口融资，如本条例附件 XLV B 部分所列；
（3）不是信贷或金融机构，也不是提供加密资产服务的实体，并且严重阻碍了本条例第 3m、3n 和 3s 条所规定的禁令的目的，如本条例附件 XLV C 部分所列。
2. 第 1 款中的禁令适用于代表第 1 款（a）、（b）和（c）点所述实体或按照其指示行事的法人、实体或机构。
3. 第 1 款的禁止规定不适用于以下交易：
（1）为出口、销售、供应、转移或运输药品、医疗或农业和食品产品（包括小麦和化肥）所必需的，这些产品根据本条例允许出口、销售、供应、转移或运输到俄罗斯；
（2）为确保能够进入成员国的司法、行政或仲裁程序，以及承认或执行成员国作出的判决或仲裁裁决而绝对必要，前提是此类交易符合本条例和第 269/2014 号条例 (EU) 的目标；或
（3）出于人道主义目的所必需的，例如运送或协助运送援助，包括医疗用品、食品，或运送人道主义工作者和相关援助，或进行撤离。
The Council adopted today a 18thpackage of economic and individual restrictive measures hitting hard on Russia’s energy, banking and military sectors, as well as trade with the EU, and ensuring accountability for Russia’s continued war of aggression against Ukraine. Furthermore, the Council complemented the package by agreeing further measures on Belarus.
Today’s package includes economic and individual measures with a view to increasing pressure on Russia and to achieving a just and lasting peace for Ukraine.
The Council has agreed on a significant set of 55 listings, consisting of 14 individuals and 41 entities responsible for actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, bringing the total number of individual listings to over 2 500.
Energy
With today’s package, the EU is curtailing Russia’s energy revenuesthrough a number of different measures. The EU is lowering the price cap for crude oil from USD 60 to USD 47.6 per barrel, to align it with current global oil prices and is introducing an automatic and dynamic mechanism to modify the oil price cap and ensure that this price cap is effective. Oil exports still represent one third of the Russian government’s revenues.
The EU is also imposing further sanctions across the shadow fleet value chain. Anadditional 105 vessels will be subject to a port access ban and a ban on the provision of a broad range of servicesrelated to maritime transport, bringing the total number of listed vessels to 444. This measure targets non-EU tankers that are part of Vladimir Putin’s shadow fleet circumventing the oil price cap mechanism, which support the energy sector of Russia or which transport military equipment for Russia or stolen Ukrainian grain.
Full-fledged sanctions (asset freezes, travel bans, bans on providing resources) target Russian and international companies managing shadow fleetvessels, traders of Russian crude oil and a major customer of the shadow fleet – a refinery in India with Rosneft as its main shareholder. For the first time, The EU is also listing the captain of a shadow fleet vessel, as well as a private operator of an international flag registry. Lastly, one entity in the Russian LNG sector is also included in today’s listings.
Furthermore, the EU is introducing an import ban on refined petroleum products made from Russian crude oil and coming from any third country – with the exception of Canada, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States – thereby preventing Russia’s crude oil from reaching the EU market through the back door.
The EU is also imposing a full transaction ban on Nord Stream 1 and 2, including for the provision of goods or services, thus preventing the completion, maintenance, operation and any future use of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines.
Lastly, the Council decided to end the exemption for oil imports from Russia to Czechia.
Banking
The EU is upgrading the existing prohibition on providing EU-based specialised financial messaging services to certain Russian banks to a full transaction ban. This will apply to 22 additional Russian banks, on top of the 23 banks already subject to the ban.
The EU is lowering the threshold for sanctioning third-country financial and credit institutions and crypto-asset service providers that are frustrating sanction measures against Russia, supporting Russia’s war of aggression or are connected to the System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS),the Russian alternative financial messaging service, developed by the Central Bank of Russia and used to shield Russian banks from the impact of EU sanctions.
The EU is also expanding the transaction ban on third countries’ financial and credit institutions and crypto-asset service providers which, through their actions, frustrate EU sanctions or support Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. The transaction ban on third-country operators that circumvent oil-related prohibitions has also been widened.
Additionally, a ban is imposed a ban on carrying out any transaction with the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF)and its sub-funds and companies, and Council has have established an instrument to extend such a ban to certain companies in which the RDIF has invested and to entities providing investment services or other financial services to the RDIF itself. Such companies and financial institutions will be selected by the Council; four Russian entities in which the RDIF has invested are already listed. This measure further limits Russia’s access to global financial markets and foreign currency.
Lastly, the Council is putting in place a new ban on selling, supplying, transferring and exporting software management systems and software with certain uses in the banking and financial sector.
Military industry
With a view to curbing Russia’s military capabilities, the Council is imposing further full-fledged sanctions on suppliers of the Russian military industrial complex, including three entities based in China that sell goods used on the battlefield. These measures aim to further constrain Russia’s access to goods and technologies. Additionally, the package covers eight companies operating in the Belarusian military-industrial complex, which is supporting Russia’s war efforts.
26 new entities will be subject to tighter export restrictions concerning dual-use goods and technologies, including those that could contribute to the technological enhancement of Russia’s defence and security sector. Eleven of these entities are located in third countries other than Russia (seven in China and Hong Kong, and four in Türkiye),and have been involved in circumventing export restrictions, including for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Additionally, the EU has agreed further export bans worth more than €2.5 billion. The list of restricted items contributing to the technological enhancement of Russia’s defence and security sector will now include items for the development and production of Russia’s military systems such as computer numerical control (CNC)machines and constituent chemicals for propellants. Furthermore, the existing transit ban via the territory of Russia is expanded to cover selected economically critical goods used for construction and transport.
Accountability
The Council is imposing sanctions on another individual actively involved in Russia’s “military education” of Ukrainian children. This brings the total number of listings in relation to the deportation and indoctrination of Ukrainian children to over 90. The package also lists several Russian proxies in occupied territories, including a person responsible for manipulating Ukrainian cultural heritage, another leading Russian businessperson and a prominent Russian propagandist.
Belarus
In addition to the eight new listings related to the Belarusian military complex, today’s package also further mirrors the measures imposed on Belarus’ trade with those imposed on Russia.
Furthermore, the ban on specialised financial messaging services is upgraded to a full transaction ban and an embargo on imports of arms from Belarus is introduced.
Other
The EU is also introducing measures to protect member states from illegitimate Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) arbitration proceedings launched by Russian companies and individuals, including oligarchs and their proxies (i.e. damages recovery provision to be taken by member states, tailored non-recognition provision in the EU for those arbitration proceedings and an obligation on member states to act in BIT proceedings).