美国USTR暂停对中国企图通过《贸易法》第301条在海事、物流和造船领域占据主导地位的行为进行调查
- Boring Editor
- 11月10日
- 讀畢需時 11 分鐘
2025年11月9日
美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）宣布暂停对中国在海运、物流和造船领域寻求主导地位的301条款调查行动。
该诉讼将暂停一年，自 2025 年 11 月 10 日美国东部标准时间凌晨 12:01 起生效。
此次暂停行动是在特朗普总统与中国国家主席习近平于2025年11月1日由白宫宣布达成历史性贸易和经济协议之后进行的。鉴于该协议，并根据总统指示，美国贸易代表决定自2025年11月10日起暂停此次调查中采取的应对措施，为期一年。美国将根据《贸易法》第301条就此次调查中提出的问题与中国进行谈判。在采取这些行动的同时，美国将继续推进国内工作，并与主要盟友和伙伴就振兴美国造船业进行磋商。
Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action: China’s Targeting of the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance
English:
Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action: China’s Targeting of the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance
Chinese:
第301条款行动修改通知：中国针对海运、物流和造船业寻求主导地位
English:
AGENCY: Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR).
Chinese:
机构： 美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）。
English:
ACTION: Notice.
Chinese:
行动： 通知。
English:
SUMMARY: On November 1, 2025, the White House announced a historic trade and economic deal reached between President Trump and President Xi Jinping of China. The United States Trade Representative, at the direction of the President, is suspending for one year, beginning on November 10, 2025, the responsive actions taken in this investigation.
Chinese:
摘要： 2025年11月1日，白宫宣布美国总统特朗普与中国国家主席习近平达成一项历史性的贸易和经济协议。美国贸易代表在总统的指示下，从2025年11月10日起，将本调查中采取的应对行动暂停一年。
English:
DATES: November 10, 2025: The actions taken in this investigation are suspended, as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on November 10, 2025, through 11:59 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on November 9, 2026.
Chinese:
日期： 2025年11月10日：本调查中采取的行动从2025年11月10日东部标准时间上午12:01起暂停，直至2026年11月9日东部标准时间晚上11:59。
English:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Philip Butler, Chair of the Section 301 Committee; Thomas Au, Associate General Counsel; or David Salkeld, Assistant General Counsel at (202) 395-5725.
Chinese:
进一步信息联系： 第301条款委员会主席Philip Butler；副总法律顾问Thomas Au；或助理总法律顾问David Salkeld，电话(202) 395-5725。
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
English:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Chinese:
补充信息：
I. Background
English:
I. Background
Chinese:
一、背景
English:
For background on the proceedings in this investigation, please see the prior notices issued in this investigation, including 89 FR 29424 (April 22, 2024), 90 FR 8089 (January 23, 2025), 90 FR 10843 (February 27, 2025), 90 FR 17114 (April 23, 2025) (April 23 notice), 90 FR 24856 (June 12, 2025) (June 12 notice), and 90 FR 48320 (October 16, 2025) (October 16 notice).
Chinese:
有关本调查程序的背景，请参阅本调查中发布的先前通知，包括89 FR 29424（2024年4月22日）、90 FR 8089（2025年1月23日）、90 FR 10843（2025年2月27日）、90 FR 17114（2025年4月23日）（4月23日通知）、90 FR 24856（2025年6月12日）（6月12日通知）和90 FR 48320（2025年10月16日）（10月16日通知）。
English:
On April 17, 2025, pursuant to sections 301(b), 301(c), and 304(a) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2411(b), 2411(c), and 2414(a)), and following consideration of public comments, as well as consultations with advisory committees and the Section 301 Committee, the U.S. Trade Representative determined to take action in this investigation. See April 23 notice.
Chinese:
2025年4月17日，根据修订后的1974年贸易法第301(b)、301(c)和304(a)节（19 U.S.C. 2411(b)、2411(c)和2414(a)），并在考虑公众评论以及与咨询委员会和第301条款委员会协商后，美国贸易代表决定在本调查中采取行动。请参阅4月23日通知。
English:
On October 10, pursuant to section 307(a), and following consideration of public comments, as well as consultations with advisory committees and the Section 301 Committee, the U.S. Trade Representative determined to modify the action. The modifications included changes to certain aspects of Annexes III and IV of the April 23 notice, as well as imposition of duties on ship-to-shore cranes and on certain cargo handling equipment of China as described in Annex V.A of the October 16 notice. See October 16 notice.
Chinese:
2025年10月10日，根据第307(a)节，并在考虑公众评论以及与咨询委员会和第301条款委员会协商后，美国贸易代表决定修改该行动。修改包括对4月23日通知附件III和IV的某些方面的更改，以及对10月16日通知附件V.A中描述的中国岸桥起重机和某些货物装卸设备的征税。请参阅10月16日通知。
English:
On November 1, 2025, the White House announced a historic trade and economic deal reached between President Trump and President Xi Jinping of China.1 Pursuant to this deal, the United States would suspend for one year, beginning on November 10, 2025, the responsive actions taken in this investigation. The United States would negotiate with China pursuant to Section 301 regarding the issues raised in this investigation. While taking these actions, the United States would continue its domestic efforts and its discussions with key allies and partners on revitalizing American shipbuilding.
Chinese:
2025年11月1日，白宫宣布美国总统特朗普与中国国家主席习近平达成一项历史性的贸易和经济协议。1 根据这项协议，美国将从2025年11月10日起，将本调查中采取的应对行动暂停一年。美国将根据第301条款与中国就本调查中提出的问题进行谈判。在采取这些行动的同时，美国将继续其国内努力，并与关键盟友和伙伴就振兴美国造船业进行讨论。
English:
In accordance with Section 307(a)(2) of the Trade Act, on November 6, 2025, the U.S. Trade Representative, at the direction of the President, proposed to suspend for one year, beginning on November 10, 2025, the responsive actions taken in this investigation. The U.S. Trade Representative requested comments from any interested person regarding the proposal to suspend the responsive actions. See Office of the United States Trade Representative, Request for Comments on Suspending Section 301 Action for One Year: China’s Targeting of the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance (Nov. 6, 2025), https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/Press/Releases/2025/301%20Ships%20FRN%20Req%20Cmts%20on%20Suspension%20FINAL.pdf (November 6 notice).
Chinese:
根据贸易法第307(a)(2)节，2025年11月6日，美国贸易代表在总统的指示下，提议从2025年11月10日起，将本调查中采取的应对行动暂停一年。美国贸易代表要求任何感兴趣人士就暂停应对行动的提议发表评论。请参阅美国贸易代表办公室，关于暂停第301条款行动一年的评论请求：中国针对海运、物流和造船业寻求主导地位（2025年11月6日），https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/Press/Releases/2025/301%20Ships%20FRN%20Req%20Cmts%20on%20Suspension%20FINAL.pdf（11月6日通知）。
English:
1 Fact Sheet, The White House, President Donald J. Trump Strikes Deal on Economic and Trade Relations with China (Nov. 1, 2025), https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/11/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-strikes-deal-on-economic-and-trade-relations-with-china/.
Chinese:
1 事实表，白宫，美国总统唐纳德·J·特朗普与中国达成经济和贸易关系协议（2025年11月1日），https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/11/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-strikes-deal-on-economic-and-trade-relations-with-china/。
II. Determination to Modify the Action
English:
II. Determination to Modify the Action
Chinese:
二、修改行动的决定
English:
Section 307(a)(1) of the Trade Act authorizes the Trade Representative to modify any action being taken under Section 301, subject to the specific direction of the President, including if such action being taken under Section 301(b) is no longer appropriate. In light of the trade and economic deal reached between President Trump and President Xi Jinping of China, and at the direction of the President, the U.S. Trade Representative has determined that the action taken on April 17, 2025, as modified, is no longer appropriate and will be suspended for one year.
Chinese:
贸易法第307(a)(1)节授权贸易代表修改根据第301条款采取的任何行动，受总统的具体指示，包括如果根据第301(b)条款采取的此类行动不再合适。鉴于美国总统特朗普与中国国家主席习近平达成的贸易和经济协议，并在总统的指示下，美国贸易代表已确定2025年4月17日采取的行动（经修改）不再合适，并将暂停一年。
English:
The U.S. Trade Representative’s determination to modify the actions that have been taken in this investigation is premised upon China’s commitment to negotiate pursuant to Section 301 regarding the issues raised in this investigation, the public comments received in response to the November 6 notice, the extensive public comments previously provided, advice from the Section 301 Committee, and consultations with petitioners and advisory committees.
Chinese:
美国贸易代表修改本调查中已采取行动的决定基于中国承诺根据第301条款就本调查中提出的问题进行谈判、对11月6日通知的公众评论、先前提供的广泛公众评论、第301条款委员会的建议，以及与请愿者和咨询委员会的协商。
English:
Therefore, the U.S. Trade Representative is suspending the responsive actions in this investigation from 12:01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on November 10, 2025, through 11:59 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on November 9, 2026. During the suspension period, no party will accrue liability for or be required to pay the fees on maritime transport services under Annexes I, II, or III of the April 23 notice, as modified by the October 16 notice. Further, during the suspension period, no party will accrue liability for or be required to pay the duties provided in Annex V.A of the October 16 notice.
Chinese:
因此，美国贸易代表从2025年11月10日东部标准时间上午12:01起，至2026年11月9日东部标准时间晚上11:59止，暂停本调查中的应对行动。在暂停期间，任何一方都不会产生责任或被要求支付4月23日通知附件I、II或III（经10月16日通知修改）下海运服务的费用。此外，在暂停期间，任何一方都不会产生责任或被要求支付10月16日通知附件V.A中规定的关税。
English:
Accordingly, at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on November 10, 2025, headings 9903.91.12, 9903.91.13, 9903.91.14, 9903.91.15, and 9903.91.16 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States are each amended by deleting “November 9, 2025,” and by inserting “November 10, 2026,” in lieu thereof.
Chinese:
因此，从2025年11月10日东部标准时间上午12:01起，美国协调关税表中的9903.91.12、9903.91.13、9903.91.14、9903.91.15和9903.91.16各标题通过删除“2025年11月9日”并替换为“2026年11月10日”进行修改。
III. Responses to Significant Comments
English:
III. Responses to Significant Comments
Chinese:
三、对重大评论的回应
English:
In response to the November 6 notice, USTR received approximately 70 unique comments. Most of these comments supported the proposal to suspend the action. Many noted that suspension of the action would lower shipping costs and avoid commercial disruption, provide an opportunity for the United States to negotiate with China on the issues raised in this investigation, and permit additional time to find solutions to increase investment in U.S. shipbuilding. Comments specifically addressing the suspension of restrictions of Annex IV of the April 23 notice, as modified by the October 16 notice, generally supported the suspension. Some comments suggested a permanent suspension of fees on LNG ships. Comments specifically addressing the suspension of the additional tariffs on ship-to-shore cranes and other cargo handling equipment proposed in the October 16 notice, generally supported suspension of all the tariffs and expressed concerns with higher prices and harm to domestic industries. Comments opposing the suspension asserted that the responsive action is needed to address China’s acts, policies, and practices creating incentives to invest in U.S. shipbuilding, and that, without the action, China’s dominance in shipbuilding will only increase.
Chinese:
针对11月6日通知，USTR收到了大约70条独特评论。这些评论中的大多数支持暂停行动的提议。许多评论指出，暂停行动将降低运输成本并避免商业中断，为美国就本调查中提出的问题与中国谈判提供机会，并允许额外时间找到解决方案以增加对美国造船业的投资。具体针对4月23日通知附件IV限制的暂停（经10月16日通知修改）的评论，通常支持暂停。有些评论建议永久暂停LNG船舶的费用。具体针对10月16日通知中提议的对岸桥起重机和其他货物装卸设备的额外关税暂停的评论，通常支持暂停所有关税，并表达了对更高价格和对国内产业损害的担忧。反对暂停的评论主张，需要应对行动来解决中国创造投资美国造船业激励的行为、政策和做法，并且没有该行动，中国在造船业的主导地位只会增加。
English:
USTR also considered comments received in response to the February 23 notice, the April 23 notice, and the June 12 notice, including comments that supported suspension of the responsive action for a period of time and further negotiation with China regarding the subject acts, policies, and practices. With respect to comments suggesting a permanent suspension of fees under Annex IV, the restrictions in Annex IV are not yet in effect, and therefore would not be affected by the proposed suspension of Annex IV.
Chinese:
USTR还考虑了针对2月23日通知、4月23日通知和6月12日通知收到的评论，包括支持在一段时间内暂停应对行动并与中国就相关行为、政策和做法进一步谈判的评论。至于建议永久暂停附件IV下费用的评论，附件IV中的限制尚未生效，因此不会受到附件IV拟议暂停的影响。
English:
Considering the comments, and consistent with the President’s direction, the U.S. Trade Representative has determined to suspend this action for one year. During the suspension, the United States will negotiate with China pursuant to Section 301 to address the acts, policies, and practices at issue in this investigation, as well as continue to partner with key allies to increase U.S. shipbuilding capacity. Since the U.S. Trade Representative has taken action in this investigation, the United States has entered into historic deals with Japan and the Republic of Korea to modernize and expand the capacity of American shipbuilding industries, including through investments in U.S. shipyards and America’s workforce. Pursuant to the terms of those deals, Japan has committed to invest $500 billion in the United States, and, among other things, has signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with the United States to expand shipbuilding capacity in both nations by aligning investment, procurement, workforce, and technology initiatives.2 Similarly, the Republic of Korea has committed to invest $150 billion in shipbuilding in the United States,3 and several Korean companies will partner with U.S. companies to modernize American shipyards and support new construction of U.S.-flagged vessels.
Chinese:
考虑到这些评论，并与总统的指示一致，美国贸易代表已决定暂停这项行动一年。在暂停期间，美国将根据第301条款与中国谈判，以解决本调查中涉及的行为、政策和做法，并继续与关键盟友合作以增加美国造船能力。自美国贸易代表在本调查中采取行动以来，美国已与日本和大韩民国达成历史性协议，以现代化并扩大美国造船业的能力，包括通过对美国船厂和美国劳动力的投资。根据这些协议的条款，日本承诺在美国投资5000亿美元，并与其他事项一起，与美国签署合作备忘录，通过协调投资、采购、劳动力和技术举措来扩大两国造船能力。2 同样，大韩民国承诺在美国造船业投资1500亿美元，3 几家韩国公司将与美国公司合作，现代化美国船厂并支持美国旗帜船舶的新建造。
English:
2 Fact Sheet, The White House: President Donald J. Trump Drives Forward Billions in Investments from Japan (Oct. 28, 2025), https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/10/28195/.
Chinese:
2 事实表，白宫：美国总统唐纳德·J·特朗普推动来自日本的数十亿美元投资（2025年10月28日），https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/10/28195/。
English:
3 Fact Sheet, The White House: President Donald J. Trump Brings Home More Billion Dollar Deals During State Visit to the Republic of Korea (Oct. 29, 2025), https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/10/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-brings-home-more-billion-dollar-deals-during-state-visit-to-the-republic-of-korea/.
Chinese:
3 事实表，白宫：美国总统唐纳德·J·特朗普在大韩民国国事访问期间带回更多数十亿美元交易（2025年10月29日），https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/10/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-brings-home-more-billion-dollar-deals-during-state-visit-to-the-republic-of-korea/。
IV. Proposed Modifications in the October 16 Notice
English:
IV. Proposed Modifications in the October 16 Notice
Chinese:
四、10月16日通知中的拟议修改
English:
For additional clarification, USTR will continue to accept comments regarding the modifications proposed in the October 16 notice, docket number USTR-2025-0017, through November 12, 2025.
Chinese:
为进一步澄清，USTR将继续接受针对10月16日通知中拟议修改的评论，档案号USTR-2025-0017，直至2025年11月12日。
V. Ongoing Monitoring
English:
V. Ongoing Monitoring
Chinese:
五、持续监测
English:
The U.S. Trade Representative will continue to monitor the issues raised in this investigation pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act and will consider whether it is appropriate to continue the suspension period or whether further action is appropriate in advance of the November 10, 2026 suspension deadline. If modification to the action may be appropriate pursuant to Section 307 of the Trade Act, the U.S. Trade Representative may consider the comments received in response to previously proposed responsive actions.
Chinese:
美国贸易代表将根据贸易法第301条款继续监测本调查中提出的问题，并将在2026年11月10日暂停截止日期之前考虑是否合适继续暂停期或是否合适进一步行动。如果根据贸易法第307条款修改行动可能合适，美国贸易代表可能考虑针对先前拟议应对行动收到的评论。
English:
Jennifer Thornton
General Counsel, Office of the United States Trade Representative.
Chinese:
詹妮弗·桑顿
美国贸易代表办公室总法律顾问。